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- *********************************
- * Transglutaminases active site *
- *********************************
-
- Transglutaminases (EC 2.3.2.13) (TGase) [1,2] are calcium-dependent enzymes
- that catalyze the cross-linking of proteins by promoting the formation of
- isopeptide bonds between the gamma-carboxyl group of a glutamine in one
- polypeptide chain and the epsilon-amino group of a lysine in a second
- polypeptide chain. TGases also catalyze the conjugation of polyamines to
- proteins.
-
- The best known transglutaminase is blood coagulation factor XIII, a plasma
- tetrameric protein composed of two catalytic A subunits and two non-catalytic
- B subunits. Factor XIII is responsible for cross-linking fibrin chains, thus
- stabilizing the fibrin clot.
-
- Other forms of transglutaminases are widely distributed in various organs,
- tissues and body fluids. Sequence data is available for the following forms
- of TGase:
-
- - Tissue transglutaminase (TGase C), a monomeric ubiquitous enzyme located in
- the cytoplasm.
- - Transglutaminase K (Tgase K), a membrane-bound enzyme found in mammalian
- epidermis and important for the formation of the cornified cell envelope.
-
- A conserved cysteine is known to be involved in the catalytic mechanism of
- TGases.
-
- The erythrocyte membrane band 4.2 protein, which probably plays an important
- role in regulating the shape of erythrocytes and their mechanical properties,
- is evolutionary related to TGases. However the active site cysteine is
- substituted by an alanine and the 4.2 protein does not show TGase activity.
-
- -Consensus pattern: G-Q-[CA]-W-V-x-A-[GA]-V-x(2)-T-x-L-R-C-L-G
- [The first C is the active site residue]
- -Sequences known to belong to this class detected by the pattern: ALL.
- -Other sequence(s) detected in SWISS-PROT: NONE.
- -Last update: June 1992 / Text revised.
-
- [ 1] Ichinose A., Bottenus R.E., Davie E.W.
- J. Biol. Chem. 265:13411-13414(1990).
- [ 2] Greenberg C.S., Birckbichler P.J., Rice R.H.
- FASEB J. 5:3071-3077(1991).
-